Abstract Sturnira lilium is a frugivorous bat that is known for its high consumption of Solanaceae fruits. We captured S. lilium, using mistnets, to study its diet and diet seasonal variation in a seasonal deciduous forest in southern Brazil. We also investigated the predominance of Solanaceae and of Solanum granulosoleprosum, the main food source, correlated with the availability of ripe fruits. A total of 11 plant species were identified from 126 fecal samples. Seeds of Solanaceae species were present in 81% of the samples, with S. granulosoleprosum seeds being the most common (68.3 %). There was no seasonal variation in the diet; however ANOVA revealed that the consumption of Solanaceae and S. granulosoleprosum showed monthly differences. There was no monthly correlation and there was a weak seasonal correlation between ripe fruit availability and the consumption of S. granulosoleprosum by S. lilium, indicating that this bat species occupies broad home ranges and is capable of locating plants with mature fruits in adjacent areas during most of the year. The mobility of S. lilium and high abundance of S. granulosoleprosum in the diet suggests that this species as good disperser of plants that are characteristic of early successional stages and areas undergoing regeneration.

Resumo A fauna brasileira é caracterizada por grupos megadiversos. Dentro desses grupos estão os morcegos, os quais são responsáveis por importantes serviços ecossistêmicos, como polinização, dispersão e controle de pragas. Apesar de sua importância, existem várias lacunas geográficas no conhecimento da fauna de morcegos do Brasil. Assim, o presente estudo teve como objetivo analisar a composição da assembleia de morcegos em uma Unidade de Conservação no bioma Mata Atlântica, no litoral leste do Paraná, Região Sul do Brasil. As amostragens foram realizadas entre 2013 e 2014, durante em media por seis noites mensais. As capturas foram realizadas por 18 redes de neblina instaladas em diferentes alturas na floresta. Atingindo a suficiência amostral, encontramos alta riqueza de espécies (n=25 spp.), o que implica o importante papel das Unidades de Conservação na manutenção da diversidade de morcegos. O grande número de capturas (n =1201) pode ser explicado pela amostragem em diferentes alturas na floresta, o que pode indicar ocorrência de variação espacial no uso do habitat. Além disso, os resultados atuais podem auxiliar no gerenciamento e administração de áreas protegidas, bem como na conservação de espécies in situ.

Abstract Brazilian fauna is characterized by megadiverse groups. Within those, there are bats that are directly responsible for important ecosystem services, such as pollination, dispersion and pest control. Despite of their importance, there are several geographical gaps in the Brazilian bat fauna knowledge. Thus, the present study aimed to analyze the composition of bat assemblage in a Conservation Unit in the Atlantic Forest biome, East Coast of Paraná state, southern Brazil. Samplings were carried out during six nights, in average, per month between 2013 and 2014. Captures were performed by 18 mist nets installed at different heights in the forest. Reaching sampling sufficiency, we found high species richness (n =25 spp.), which imply the important role of Conservation Units to maintain bat diversity. The high number of captures (n =1201) can be explained by sampling in different forest height, which may indicate the occurrence of spatial variation in habitat use. Moreover, the current results can assist the management and administration of protected areas, as well as the species conservation in situ.

This work describes some interactions between lepidopteran larvae and braconid parasitoids on a group of plants at two sites. There was no significant difference in parasitoid diversity between the sites (Shannon index, p<0.05), and similarity was 62.5%, estimated through Sorensen's index. The diversity of hosts was also not different (p<0.05), but the similarity of host diversity was only 28.5%. This suggests that the parasitoids have strategies for maintaining similar reproduction rates, population densities and communities in areas with different potential hosts.